Understanding Neuropathy and Foot Pain

Diabetic neuropathy is a common but serious complication of diabetes. It affects the nerves, especially in the feet. People with diabetes often experience numbness, tingling sensations and foot pain, making even routine activities challenging. If not treated early, this condition may result in foot ulcers, infections or even amputations. In this article, we will see what diabetic neuropathy is, what causes it and how to prevent it.

What is diabetic neuropathy?

Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused due to long-term uncontrolled diabetes. The most common type of neuropathy is peripheral neuropathy. It basically affects the legs and feet.  The symptoms can cause mild discomfort, severe pain or complete numbness.

Over a period of time, these changes can affect your sensation in your feet and your ability to walk. You may also notice wounds and infections.

Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy:

Early recognition of the symptoms can prevent complications. Common symptoms include:

  • Tingling sensation in the feet
  • Pricking feet
  • Burning feet
  • Numbness in the feet
  • Reduced sensation to heat or cold
  • Muscle weakness

If you come across any of these signs and symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.

Why foot pain matters in diabetes:

Foot pain in diabetes could be a warning sign of nerve damage. Although the pain causes discomfort, the more worrying thing is that many of these people have reduced sensation in their feet. Without feeling the sensation, they may not notice injuries or minor cuts, wounds or blisters. If untreated, some of these infections may progress into gangrene and may require amputation. That is why it is very important to manage diabetic neuropathy with good care.

Causes of diabetic nerve damage:

There are several factors that cause nerve damage in people with diabetes. They are:

  • High blood sugar levels- when blood sugars are high for a prolonged period of time, nerves get affected.
  • Poor blood circulation: Reduction in blood flow makes it harder for nerves to get oxygen and nutrition.
  • Inflammation of the nerves: Inflammation can affect the nerve fibres and damage them.
  • Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol intake and sedentary lifestyle can worsen nerve health.

Diagnosing diabetic neuropathy:

Doctors may use a combination of these tests to diagnose diabetic neuropathy.

  • Physical examination
  • Monofilament tests
  • Nerve conduction studies
  • Doppler study to check the blood circulation
  • Biothesiometry to check the sensation in the feet

Managing and treating foot pain in diabetes

A combination of medical care and lifestyle modifications can help manage neuropathy.

  • Control of blood sugars: Keeping your HbA1c (2 to 3 months’ average blood sugar) under 7% is necessary to protect your nerves
  • Medications: Follow the medicines prescribed by your doctor to protect your nerves and blood vessels.
  • Foot care routine:
  • Examine your feet regularly for cuts, redness or warmth
  • Wash and dry your feet properly
  • Avoid walking barefoot
  • Specialised footwear: Personalised well well-fitting, and cushioned footwear can reduce pressure points and protect against injury.
  • Regular checkup: Consult your doctor regularly for foot examination and other foot-related tests.

When to see a doctor:

You should consult your doctor immediately if you find any:

  • Open sore/ wound
  • Swelling or redness
  • Fever/ pus/ warmth
  • Severe pain
  • Numbness

These are the signals for seeking immediate medical attention.

In conclusion, diabetic neuropathy is a serious problem that affects the quality of life of people with diabetes. However, with timely checkups, daily monitoring and early diagnosis, you can reduce the risk of neuropathy and prevent complications. Stay proactive and consult your doctor regularly to keep your feet healthy and safe.

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