Orthopaedic complications in diabetes- A Hidden Burden
When we talk about diabetes, most of us will focus on sugar control, heart complications and eye problems. But the one issue we often ignore is bone health. Orthopaedic complications are common in diabetes, but it is not widely recognised. Silently, stiffness in the joints may progress to bone loss.
Understanding the link between diabetes and bone health:
Uncontrolled diabetes damages bones and joints. High blood sugars can:
- Damage to the collagen, a gel-like substance that connects bones and joints
- Reduces bone mineral density
- Hinder healing
Hence, people with diabetes are prone to fractures, osteoarthritis (OA), frozen shoulder and other bone-related issues.
Common orthopaedic complications in diabetes:
The following are the most common musculoskeletal problems seen in people with diabetes.
- Frozen shoulder
- Charcot foot
- Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
- Osteoporosis and fractures
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
Frozen shoulders: Shoulders get stiff, and movements become restricted. It is common in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Charcot foot: This kind of foot joint issue is more serious because the shape of the foot changes. It is often accompanied by swelling, fractures and deformities due to nerve damage.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: Stiffness and pain occur along the spine.
Osteoporosis and fractures: High blood sugar can weaken the bones. Bones become brittle and are prone to fractures.
Carpal tunnel syndrome: It is a nerve compression, leading to numbness and tingling sensations in the hands. It is mainly because of uncontrolled sugars.
Signs and symptoms to watch for:
Early detection is the key. Look out for:
- Persistent joint pain and swelling
- Difficulty moving the shoulders
- Numbness in fingers and toes
- Frequent fractures of the bones and injuries
- Difficulty in mobility
Do not ignore any such symptoms, as it may lead to bone damage.
Prevention tips for better bone and joint health in diabetes:
It is good to know that these bone and joint issues are preventable with proper and early care. What can we do to prevent them?
- Keep blood sugars under control: Good sugar control can protect collagen and prevent nerve damage.
- Be physically active: Regular exercise can strengthen the bones, improve flexibility and reduce stiffness. 30 mins of walking, stretching or yoga is a must.
- Reduce body weight: Excess weight adds to the load on joints and can worsen OA and foot issues.
- Have calcium and vitamin D-rich foods: Dairy products, greens, Ragi and fortified foods should be included in your diet.
Routine check-ups:
Having a regular check-up with your doctor can help identify bone and joint-related issues early.
Even if you feel the issues are minor or negligible, don’t miss your consultations, because early intervention can prevent complications.
Orthopaedic complications in diabetes can be serious, but are often ignored. From frozen shoulder to increased fracture risks, bone and joint problems may limit mobility and reduce the quality of life. By proactively controlling your blood sugars and leading an active lifestyle, your joints and bones can be kept safe for many years.
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